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Rosa Parks (1913—2005) helped initiate the civil rights movement in the United States when she refused to give up her seat to a white man on a Montgomery, Alabama bus in 1955. Her actions The National City Lines bus, No. 2857, on which Rosa Parks rode before she was arrested (a GM "old-look" transit bus, serial number 1132), is now on exhibit at the Henry Ford Museum. On the night of Parks' arrest, the Women's Political Council , led by Jo Ann Robinson , printed and circulated a flyer throughout Montgomery's black community that Rosa Parks Arrested. On December 1, 1955, Rosa Parks was arrested in Montgomery, Alabama, for disorderly conduct for refusing to give up her bus seat to a white man. Civil Rights leader E. D. Nixon bailed her out of jail, joined by white friends Clifford Durr, an attorney, and his wife, Virginia. Rosa Parks' Bus . In 1955, African Americans were still required by a Montgomery, Alabama, city ordinance to sit in the back half of city buses and to yield their seats to white riders if the December 5, 1955 to December 20, 1956. Sparked by the arrest of Rosa Parks on 1 December 1955, the Montgomery bus boycott was a 13-month mass protest that ended with the U.S. Supreme Court ruling that segregation on public buses is unconstitutional. The Montgomery Bus Boycott of 1955-1956 was a defining moment in the American Civil Rights Movement. Triggered by the arrest of Rosa Parks for refusing to surrender her bus seat to a white passenger, the 13-month protest campaign reshaped the struggle for racial equality and introduced the world to a young minister named Martin Luther King Jr. Arrest sparks boycott. In the wake of Parks's arrest, the Women's Political Council of Montgomery called for a boycott, urging people in the Black community to avoid taking a city bus on the Rosa Parks jotted down this chronology of the bus boycott and its immediate aftermath in the course of reading Martin King, Jr.’s, book, Stride Toward Freedom: The Montgomery Story (1958). She included King’s arrival in Montgomery, her arrest and trial, the subsequent array of legal actions, and the bombings of homes and churches. The Bus Boycott “During the Montgomery bus boycott, we came together and remained unified for 381 days. It has never been done again. The Montgomery boycott became the model for human rights throughout the world.” When Rosa Parks was arrested on December 1, 1955, for refusing to give up her bus seat to a white man, she was mentally prepared In 1955, the Women's Political Council issued a leaflet calling for a boycott of Montgomery buses. Don't ride the bus to work, to town, to school, or any place Monday, December 5. Another Negro Woman has been arrested and put in jail because she refused to give up her bus seat. Don't ride the buses to work to town, to school, or any where on The bus driver stopped the bus, called the police and Rosa Parks was taken to jail. Parks was charged with a violation of Chapter 6, Section 11 segregation law of the Montgomery City code, even though she technically had not taken up a white-only seat—she had been in a colored section. On 1 December 1955, Rosa Parks was arrested in Alabama for refusing to give up her bus seat to a white man. Discover how her act of defiance sparked the US civil rights movement. Rosa Parks: Interpretation 1 David J. Garrow "The Origins of the Montgomery Bus Boycott" While many schoolchildren are familiar with the common account of Rosa Parks’s arrest for refusing to give up her seat to a white man on a Montgomery bus, Garrow’s interpretation provides a more sophisticated look at those events. When a white man entered the crowded bus, the bus driver ordered four African American passengers to stand so the white passenger could sit. Parks refused and was arrested. Parks was an active participant in the civil rights movement for several years and was well trained in civil rights activism. Parks, R. (1956) Rosa Parks Papers: Writings, Notes, and Statements, 1956 to 1998; Drafts of early writings; Accounts of her arrest and the subsequent boycott, as well as general reflections on race relations in the South, 1956-, undated; Folder 2. - 1998. [Manuscript/Mixed Material] Retrieved from the Library of Congress, Parks, R. (1956) Rosa Parks Papers: Writings, Notes, and Statements, 1956 to 1998; Drafts of early writings; Accounts of her arrest and the subsequent boycott, as well as general reflections on race relations in the South, 1956-, undated; Folder 1. - 1998. [Manuscript/Mixed Material] Retrieved from the Library of Congress, On 1 December 1955, Rosa Parks, a 42-year-old African American seamstress, made history in Montgomery, Alabama, by refusing to give up her seat on a public bus to a white passenger. Her quiet act of defiance against racial segregation laws led to her arrest and ignited the Montgomery Bus Boycott, a pivotal moment in the [] Rosa Parks launched the Montgomery bus boycott when she refused to give up her bus seat to a white man. The boycott proved to be one of the pivotal moments of the emerging civil rights movement. For 13 months, starting in December 1955, the black citizens of Montgomery protested nonviolently with the goal of desegregating the city’s public buses. Rosa Parks: Interpretations Interpretation 1: “The Origins of the Montgomery Bus Boycott” by David J. Garrow While many schoolchildren are familiar with the common account of Rosa Parks’s arrest for refusing to give up her seat to a white man on a Montgomery bus, Garrow’s interpretation provides a more sophisticated look at those events. Rosa Parks became an iconic figure in the fight against racial discrimination when she refused to give up her seat to a white passenger on a Montgomery, Alabama bus in 1955. This act of defiance was more than just a refusal to move; it was a statement against the unjust laws of segregation that plagued the American South. Her arrest was the catalyst for the Montgomery Bus Boycott, a pivotal
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