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For 382 days, almost the entire African American population of Montgomery, Alabama, including leaders Martin Luther King Jr. and Rosa Parks, refused to ride on segregated buses. For 382 days, almost the entire African American population of Montgomery, Alabama, including leaders Martin Luther King Jr. and Rosa Parks, refused to ride on segregated buses. The protests Rosa Parks being fingerprinted by Deputy Sheriff D.H. Lackey after her arrest for boycotting public transportation. Rosa Parks (February 4, 1913 – October 24, 2005) was a seamstress by profession; she was also the secretary for the Montgomery chapter of the NAACP. Rosa Parks rode at the front of a Montgomery, Alabama, bus on the day the Supreme Court's ban on segregation of the city's buses took effect. A year earlier, she had been arrested for refusing to give up her seat on a bus. Sixty years ago, Rosa Parks, a 42-year-old black woman, refused to give up her seat to a white passenger on a Montgomery, Alabama, public bus. On December 1, 1955, Parks, a seamstress and secretary for the Montgomery chapter of the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP), was taking the bus home after a long day of work. Rosa, discharged from Montgomery Fair department store, began setting up rides and garnering public support for the boycott and the NAACP. For three hundred and eighty-one days, African American citizens of Montgomery walked, carpooled, and took taxis rather than city buses. Sparked by the arrest of Rosa Parks on 1 December 1955, the Montgomery bus boycott was a 13-month mass protest that ended with the U.S. Supreme Court ruling that segregation on public buses is unconstitutional. A diagram of the Montgomery bus where Rosa Parks refused to give up her seat was used in court to ultimately strike down segregation on the city’s buses. The Montgomery bus boycott made King a national civil rights leader and charismatic symbol of black equality. Rosa Parks, an African American, was arrested that day for violating a city law requiring racial segregation of public buses. On the city buses of Montgomery, Alabama, the front 10 seats were permanently reserved for white passengers. In Montgomery, Alabama on December 1, 1955, Rosa Parks is jailed for refusing to give up her seat on a public bus to a white man, a violation of the city’s racial segregation laws. In Montgomery, Alabama, when a bus became full, the seats nearer the front were given to white passengers. Montgomery bus driver James Blake ordered Parks and three other African Americans seated nearby to move ("Move y'all, I want those two seats,") to the back of the bus. Three riders complied; Parks did not. Parks’ refusal to give up her seat on bus in Montgomery, Ala, helped spark the civil rights movement. But largely absent from the public record are eyewitness accounts from inside the bus where Parks took her stand. Six decades later, Smith agreed to tell the story of what she saw that day on Dec. 1, 1955. And Parks, still sitting next to the window, replied softly, "You may do that." (Brinkley, Douglas. Rosa Parks. New York: Viking, 2000. Print.) There were few precedents of challenging bus segregation before Rosa Parks. However, due to Rosa Park’s stature among the African American society, her arrest served as the spark for the Montgomery 49. The Bus Rides of Protest: 1947–1961. Located: 3rd floor conference room, behind main hallway exhibit #42 (Civil Rights) Prints in courthouse exhibit (photos): "Colored" bus terminal waiting room sign; segregated Florida bus passengers; Rosa Parks; Freedom Riders; Freedom Riders bus burning in Anniston, Alabama; Attorney General Robert Kennedy; Freedom Riders bus arriving in Jackson Rosa Parks and the Montgomery Bus BoycottWatch the FULL special here! - Rosa Parks describes the significance of the Montgomery Bus Boycott. Rosa Parks and the Montgomery Bus Boycott. Race riots in Birmingham, Alabama, 1963. Gayle resulted in a November 1956 decision that bus segregation is unconstitutional under the Equal Protection Clause of the 14th Amendment to the U.S. Constitution. Parks's act of defiance and the Montgomery bus boycott became important symbols of the movement. Living a mile from the epicenter of the 1967 Detroit riot —“the heart of the ghetto,” as she called it — Rosa Parks witnessed the massive police reaction that ensued when patrons celebrating the return of two men from Vietnam at an after-hours bar refused to disperse when police tried to shut down the venue. Montgomery bus boycott, mass protest against the bus system of Montgomery, Alabama, by civil rights activists and their supporters that led to a 1956 U.S. Supreme Court decision declaring that Montgomery’s segregation laws on buses were unconstitutional. The boycott was led by the Reverend Martin Luther King, Jr. Rosa Parks (center, in dark coat and hat) rides a bus at the end of the Montgomery Bus Boycott, Montgomery, Alabama, Dec. 26, 1956. Don Cravens/The LIFE Images Collection via Getty Images/Getty Images. Most of us know Rosa Parks as the African American woman who quietly, but firmly, refused to give up her bus seat to a white person Dec. 1, 1955, in Montgomery, Alabama. That small act of
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