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Rosa Parks (1913—2005) helped initiate the civil rights movement in the United States when she refused to give up her seat to a white man on a Montgomery, Alabama bus in 1955. Her actions Rosa Parks' Bus . In 1955, African Americans were still required by a Montgomery, Alabama, city ordinance to sit in the back half of city buses and to yield their seats to white riders if the Sparking a Social Transformation. It’s one of the most famous moments in modern American civil rights history: On the chilly evening of December 1, 1955, at a bus stop on a busy street in the capital of Alabama, a 42-year-old seamstress boarded a segregated city bus to return home after a long day of work, taking a seat near the middle, just behind the front “white” section. Rosa Parks occupies an iconic status in the civil rights movement after she refused to vacate a seat on a bus in favor of a white passenger in Montgomery, Alabama. In 1955, Parks rejected a bus driver's order to leave a row of four seats in the "colored" section once the white section had filled up and move to the back of the bus. When Rosa Parks refused to give up her seat for a white person, she was sitting in the first row of the middle section. [9] Often when boarding the buses, black people were required to pay at the front, get off, and reenter the bus through a separate door at the back. [10] Parks was arrested on December 1, 1955, after she refused to give up her seat on a crowded bus to a white passenger. Contrary to some reports, Parks wasn’t physically tired and was able to leave her seat. She refused on principle to surrender her seat because of her race, which was required by the law in Montgomery at the time. Montgomery bus driver James Blake ordered Parks and three other African Americans seated nearby to move ("Move y'all, I want those two seats,") to the back of the bus. Three riders complied; Parks did not. The following excerpt of what happened next is from Douglas Brinkley's 2000 Rosa Park's biography. T oday marks the 60th anniversary of the arrest of Mrs. Rosa Parks in Montgomery, Alabama. We all know the popular story of what happened on that cold December day in 1955. Indeed, it has become an American myth. A soft-spoken seamstress with tired feet refused to move to the back of the bus to make room for a white man. On December 1, 1955, Rosa Parks boarded a bus in Montgomery, Alabama. Instead of going to the back of the bus, which was designated for African Americans, she sat in the front. When the bus started to fill up with white passengers, the bus driver asked Parks to move. She refused. People grumbled. Some got off the bus. Others feared what would happen. Parks “didn’t even know if I would get off the bus alive.” Two officers, Day and Mixon, boarded the bus. One asked Parks why she did not stand up when instructed. Believing in the power of speaking back, Parks coolly asked, “Why do you push us around.” In the words of Martin Luther King Jr., who as a green young minister reluctantly agreed to head the Montgomery bus boycott, Rosa Parks “had been tracked down by the zeitgeist—the spirit of The back of a bus was visible in the meme, as was an advertisement reading “Honoring Rosa Parks”; Parks was a well-known figure in the American civil rights movement for her refusal to give up her seat on a bus to a white man. The text at the top of the meme read: 236.1K Likes, 1005 Comments. TikTok video from Dimpey (@itsdimpey): “Discover the truth behind Rosa Parks' arrest after refusing to move to the back of the bus. Find out what really happened in this iconic moment in history. #fyp #foryou #foryoupage #trending”. Rosa Parks (center, in dark coat and hat) rides a bus at the end of the Montgomery Bus Boycott, Montgomery, Alabama, Dec. 26, 1956. Don Cravens/The LIFE Images Collection via Getty Images/Getty Images. Most of us know Rosa Parks as the African American woman who quietly, but firmly, refused to give up her bus seat to a white person Dec. 1, 1955, in Montgomery, Alabama. That small act of What was the reaction of the bus driver when Mrs. Parks refused to leave her seat? How did she respond to him? What crime was Mrs. Parks charged with when the police arrived and arrested her? Why, in her own words, did Mrs. Parks believe she should not have had to give up her seat on the bus? Explain how the protest movement began to take shape. Well, respectfully Mrs. Parks, the back of the bus is much cooler than the front. I mean, at least in grade school. It's where the popular kids sit. You see, in a social hierarchy situation like grade school, popularity means a lot. Or it seems like it. When I sat in the back of the bus as a 7th grader, I met the high schoolers. At the front of a bus, previously reserved for white riders, is Rosa Parks, face turned to the window to her left, seemingly lost in thought as she rides through Montgomery, Ala. In the seat behind her is a young white man looking to his right, his face hard, almost expressionless. Rosa Parks was born Rosa Louise McCauley in Tuskegee, Alabama, on February 4, 1913, to Leona (née Edwards), a teacher, and James McCauley, a carpenter.In addition to African ancestry, one of Parks's great-grandfathers was Scots-Irish, and one of her great-grandmothers was a part–Native American slave. In 1950, a veteran Hilliard Brooks who had just returned from service paid his fare but refused to exit the bus and enter through the back door. Brooks asked the driver for his money back but the driver refused. Brooks, who allegedly had been drinking, refused to back down. The police were called. Mattie Johnson, a passenger, witnessed the Parks’s bravery helps students recognize how important it is to speak out against unfair treatment. One person’s actions, supported by their community, can inspire change for the better. Discussion Idea: Pair your lesson on Rosa Parks with one of Gale’s eBook biographies for pre-kindergarten through 5 th-grade readers. After reading it
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