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Rosa Parks' Bus . In 1955, African Americans were still required by a Montgomery, Alabama, city ordinance to sit in the back half of city buses and to yield their seats to white riders if the Montgomery bus boycott, mass protest against the bus system of Montgomery, Alabama, by civil rights activists and their supporters that led to a 1956 U.S. Supreme Court decision declaring that Montgomery’s segregation laws on buses were unconstitutional. The boycott was led by the Reverend Martin Luther King, Jr. Montgomery Bus Boycott – Civil Rights Movement Archive; Learning From Rosa Parks, The Indypendent; Montgomery Bus Boycott – Presented by the Montgomery Advertiser Archived December 13, 2012, at the Wayback Machine; Civil Rights Era Mug Shots, Montgomery County Sheriff's Office, Alabama Department of Archives & History; Martin Luther King December 5, 1955 to December 20, 1956. Sparked by the arrest of Rosa Parks on 1 December 1955, the Montgomery bus boycott was a 13-month mass protest that ended with the U.S. Supreme Court ruling that segregation on public buses is unconstitutional. Rosa Parks launched the Montgomery bus boycott when she refused to give up her bus seat to a white man. The boycott proved to be one of the pivotal moments of the emerging civil rights movement. For 13 months, starting in December 1955, the black citizens of Montgomery protested nonviolently with the goal of desegregating the city’s public buses. Made famous by Rosa Parks's refusal to give her seat to a white man, the Montgomery bus boycott was one of the defining events of the civil rights movement. Beginning in 1955, the 13-month nonviolent protest by the black citizens of Montgomery to desegregate the city's public bus system, Montgomery City Lines. Its success led [] On March 2, 1955, a black teenager named Claudette Colvin dared to defy bus segregation laws and was forcibly removed from another Montgomery bus. Nine months later, Rosa Parks - a 42-year-old seamstress and NAACP member- wanted a guaranteed seat on the bus for her ride home after working as a seamstress in a Montgomery department store. Rosa Parks (1913—2005) helped initiate the civil rights movement in the United States when she refused to give up her seat to a white man on a Montgomery, Alabama bus in 1955. Her actions In Montgomery, Alabama, when a bus became full, the seats nearer the front were given to white passengers. Montgomery bus driver James Blake ordered Parks and three other African Americans seated nearby to move ("Move y'all, I want those two seats,") to the back of the bus. Three riders complied; Parks did not. The Montgomery Bus Boycott of 1955-1956 was a defining moment in the American Civil Rights Movement. Triggered by the arrest of Rosa Parks for refusing to surrender her bus seat to a white passenger, the 13-month protest campaign reshaped the struggle for racial equality and introduced the world to a young minister named Martin Luther King Jr. Montgomery Bus Boycott Title: Montgomery Bus Boycott Years: 1956 1955 Description: Local authorities in Montgomery, Alabama, arrested Rosa Parks, a black seamstress, when she refused to vacate her seat in the white section of a city bus on December 1, 1955. “During the Montgomery bus boycott, we came together and remained unified for 381 days. It has never been done again. The Montgomery boycott became the model for human rights throughout the world.” When Rosa Parks was arrested on December 1, 1955, for refusing to give up her bus seat to a white man, she was mentally prepared for the moment. In this mixer lesson, students learn about Rosa Parks’ many decades of activism by taking on roles from various times in her life. In this way, students learn about her radicalism before, during, and long after the Montgomery Bus Boycott. The Montgomery Bus Boycott was a pivotal event in the American civil rights movement that took place in Montgomery, Alabama, from December 1955 to December 1956. It was sparked by the arrest of Rosa Parks, an African American woman who refused to give up her bus seat to a white passenger. The Montgomery Housing Authority (MHA) owns and manages the historic home where Mrs. Rosa Parks lived during the Montgomery Bus Boycott in a public housing community known as Cleveland Court (currently called Parks Place). Rosa Parks invigorated the struggle for racial equality when she refused to give up her bus seat to a white man in Montgomery, Alabama. Parks' arrest on December 1, 1955 launched the Montgomery Bus Boycott by 17,000 black citizens. A Supreme Court ruling and declining revenues forced the city to desegregate its buses thirteen months later. Montgomery Bus Boycott article, Encyclopedia of Alabama (em inglês) Montgomery Bus Boycott - Story of Montgomery Bus Boycott (em inglês) The Autobiography of Martin Luther King, Jr.: Montgomery Movement Begins ~ M. L. King Research Institute at Stanford University (em inglês) The Montgomery Bus Boycott - African-American History (em inglês) Gayle resulted in a November 1956 decision that bus segregation is unconstitutional under the Equal Protection Clause of the 14th Amendment to the U.S. Constitution. Parks's act of defiance and the Montgomery bus boycott became important symbols of the movement. The Montgomery Bus Boycott, sparked by Rosa Parks’ arrest on December 1, 1955 stands as a pivotal moment reshaping history. Montgomery, Alabama 36104 (334) 261 Rosa Parks is escorted into court by E.D. Nixon, then president of the Montgomery NAACP, for trial in a case with multiple defendants involving the Montgomery Bus Boycott. Few, if anyone, imagined the boycott, which began 65 years ago on Dec. 5, 1955, would last nearly 13 months and bring about such historic change.
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